India And Human Trafficking India - 1565 Words

India and Human Trafficking. India is a very diverse country. It is located in the Asia continent and holds a population of over 1.2 billion people, making it the second largest populated country of the world. Its languages, religions, traditions and food are just an example of this assortment. The national languages for India are English and Hindi even though, â€Å"there are about 22 official languages and nearly 400 living languages spoken in various parts of the country† (Zimmermann, 2013). Throughout history, different types of religions have been practiced in India, today, most of its population practices Hindu. â€Å"84 percent — of the population identifies as Hindu† (Zimmermann, 2013). Which is believed to not be a religion, but a way of†¦show more content†¦A man without sons might adopt one from among the man’s male kin, or take another wife or concubine† (Gupta, 161). Owning a piece of land is very important. It is the key to survival and power. Land is an à ¢â‚¬Å"insurance policy against unforeseen difficult times† (investing in India, 9) Owning a piece of land is just as important as owning your own house, but now, because of overpopulation and the expensiveness of buying a home, it is becoming more difficult for Indians to own a house. Indians see it as a shameful thing to live in a rented house. Because of this, some people turn to the easy path and easy money making business. Human trafficking is a very difficult subject to talk about as well as difficult to exercise justice over. Its definition according to the United Nations, â€Å"Refers to the recruitment, transportation, purchase, sale, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons: by threat, use of violence, abduction, use of force, fraud, deception, or coercion (including abuse of authority or of a position of vulnerability), or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another or debt bondage, for the purpose of exploitation which includes prostitution or for placing or holding such person, whether for pay or not, in forced labor or slavery-like practices, in a community other than the one in which such person lived at the time of the original act described† (Gupta, 375). Human trafficking is veryShow MoreRelatedSex Trafficking in India978 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle elaborates on the history of sex slavery in India. It points out that laws have recently been put into place against human trafficking. However, the laws are not being strongly enforced due to the sheer number of the cases. Human trafficking is like a plague that is spread throughout the world, and India is one of the hardest hit places. This paper will elaborate on the reasons this condition exists in India, and explain the connections that India has with the rest of the world that stem from thisRead MoreThe Issue Of Sex Trafficking1595 Words   |  7 PagesStates, condemned sex trafficking around the world with these words, and he gave it a weighty name--slavery. Despite the fact that India is very much a part of the civilized world with its tremendous progress and emergence as a global power and despite the abolishment of slavery for over 150 years in India, slavery still remains an d is in fact, becoming increasingly prevalent (Hameed). However, instead of slavery, the same oppression now exists as sex trafficking. Sex trafficking, defined by sexualRead MoreA Project On Child Trafficking1473 Words   |  6 Pages A Project on CHILD TRAFFICKING IN INDIA Sociology Monsoon Semester 2014 ___________________________________________________________________________ Naresh Rawat ID No. : 214071 ___________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION: Trafficking in people, particularly in ladies, and children has turned into a matter of genuine national and universal concern. Ladies and children – young men what s more young ladies – have been presented to uncommon vulnerabilitiesRead MoreChild Welfare Committee / Juvenile Justice Board968 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus on the prevention of trafficking among children and protection of the child victims are: ï‚ § SAARTHAK: working in Delhi focus on providing mental health resources and process for the victims after rescued. ï‚ § RESCUE FOUNDATION: working in Maharashtra and runs shelter home with facilities such as counseling, training (vocational and life-skills), legal assistance, health care services (physical and psychological) and consequent repatriation. ï‚ § PRAJWALA: anti trafficking organisation based in HyderabadRead MoreThe Problem Of Trafficking Of Kids1417 Words   |  6 PagesTrafficking in people, particularly in ladies, and kids has turned into a matter of genuine national and universal concern. Ladies and kids – young men what s more young ladies – have been presented to uncommon vulnerabilities business misuse of these vulnerabilities has turned into an enormous composed wrongdoing and a multimillion dollar business. Countries are endeavoring to battle this exchange human wretchedness through administrative, official, legal and social activity. Trafficking of kidsRead MoreThe Causes And Factors For The Trafficking Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesROOT CAUSES OF TRAFFICKING Causes and the factors for the trafficking are diverse among nation to another nation. It includes various social, economic and cultural factors. There are some common factors like the gender wise more girls are trafficked for forced sexual exploitation which is seen in many nations. Poverty, armed conflicts, political unrest, lacking enforcement of human rights and natural disasters etc will increase the trafficking of human. War and internalRead MoreAccording To The National Institute Of Justice (N.D.) â€Å"The1413 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the National Institute of Justice (n.d.) â€Å"the United Nations defines human trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by improper means (such as force, abduction, fraud, or coercion) for an improper purpose including forced labor or sexual exploitation.† The U.S. government defines human trafficking in two different ways. The first is sex tr afficking in which commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the personRead MoreThe Impacts of Globalization on Developing Countries Essays1365 Words   |  6 Pagesin cheaper goods in developed countries, labour costs must be kept to minimal, which in turn has arisen many issues including violation of human rights. Human rights violations have risen since globalization has made advancement in technology, and one of the main reasons human rights have statistically risen is because of human trafficking. Human trafficking is defined by oxford dictionaries as â€Å"the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labour or commercial sexual exploitationRead MoreThe Issue Of Sex Workers1052 Words   |  5 Pagesnegative meaning by itself. Though being a part of the same society they are denied the right to vote and dignity. They are criticized and a considered a stigma and therefore are denied the fundamental right which they are guar anteed to all citizens of India, i.e. right to life, liberty and dignity. They are often the subject of abuse, violation and harassment. It is thought that the sex workers threatens the structure of the family life and are therefore most often ostracized by the society and furtherRead MoreHuman Trafficking Has Become An International Crime1249 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, human trafficking is the illegal practice of procuring or trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation. Human trafficking has become an international crime, affecting the lives of men, women, and children. There are several motives for human trafficking, but in Nepal, trafficking is mainly concentrated on domestic work and prostitution. While most people wouldn’t associate disease and post-traumatic stress disorder

Cause and Effect of Social Media Essay - 888 Words

The 21st century is defined by its obsession and advancements in technology, the younger generation in particular. Technology plays as a key factor in most lives, social media especially. Among the most popular of social media are Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, all with the main purpose to share or view personal information and experiences, communicate with others and meet new people on social or professional grounds. There are several positives and negatives effects associated with social media, making it a topic of debate whether it is creating more good or harm for today’s society. We use technology as the number one means of communication, and social media has made communicating with each other even easier. We have the ability to†¦show more content†¦There have been situations where people have been lured to meet up with who they’d consider a friend under false pretenses. Getting catfished can put one in a dangerous situation. Facebook, twitter and instag ram are all methods used to share your life with others. You’re able to post pictures and type statuses to inform your friends, followers, etc., what you have been up to and how you have been living your life. Adults usually post pictures and statuses focusing on their family, trips and special events in their lives, while the younger generation takes social media a lot more serious. Every moment of their lives are put out there for the world to see, sometimes without the realization. Teenagers on social media are always trying to impress and one up each other. They sometimes post inappropriate material to try to look as cool as possible without realizing that ultimately employers, teachers, parents, law enforcement and strangers all have the ability to see. The problem is once something is on the internet it is there forever, and if caught you can find yourself in major trouble. Often when we’re bored we turn to social media for entertainment. We can check up on famil y friends or see what the hottest celebrity is up to. Then before we know it, our simple amusement becomes a huge distraction. The amount of people we can connect with on social media is endless and they are all so unique, we canShow MoreRelatedCauses And Effects Of Social Media1049 Words   |  5 Pageswhat effect social media has on people worldwide. Many people are using social media daily and because of that, they might not know the effects that can be lurking behind a screen and causing harm to their mental health. Social media has many negative effects on mental health. Some people could think that mental health and social media has no relation, when it does. It is a fast-growing issue with many â€Å"cause and effect† reasons behind it. Each cause needs to be recognized along with the effect itRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Social Media1874 Words   |  8 PagesCauses and Effects of Social Media There is no denying that the expansions of the World Wide Web and social media have skyrocketed in the last few years. It all started with the birth of MySpace for Generation Z in 2003. It then happened again later in 2004, when Mark Zuckerburg created the most commonly known and used Facebook, which then led to the launch of Twitter in 2006. Ultimately, what all of this is saying, is that the effects of social media have impacted the lives of many since 2003.Read MoreCauses And Effects Of Social Media Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past years, social media has grown tremendously fast. Most people have at least one social media account. The use of social media has its benefits and its problems. It is good for spreading the current news, advertising businesses, and it is one of the easiest and fastest way people communicate with each other. However, it also spreads hate. Some people let their social media rule their life as if they must live up to something because of what the y witness on the social media. The popularityRead MoreSocial Media Negative Effects On People1255 Words   |  6 Pages Social media negative effects on people psychology paper Research Question: How Social media has negative effects on people? Review of literature: Social Media may seem positive and safe, but they affect our daily lives more than you can think of. If someone is sad or mad it could be because they have just used social media . It’s true people’s emotions can change because of social media. Due to this fact I got curious andRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesStatistics show that teens spend nearly 9 hours a day on social media websites, which is more than one-third of their day (Tsukayama). Social media, among teenagers and young adults, is quite popular. It is used on many different platforms and in so many ways which allows high schoolers to be constantly attached. Over the past decade, with the emergence of social media, the amount of time these websites consume from individuals has become greater and greater. Parents who have grown up in a differentRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On The Individual1665 Words   |  7 Pages The average teenager spends more time on social media than sleep. Explain the causes of the increase in social media use, and the effects on the individual. Are the effects largely positive or negative? This essay will begin by explaining defining what social media is and when it came into existence, following this, research will be used to identify what factors have contributed to the exponential rise in social media use globally as well as referring to available statistics on howRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn the twenty-first century, social media plays an extensive part in most people’s lives. Instagram, Twitter, and many other social networks can cause adverse psychological harm and even lead to physical harm. Although many may argue that social media pertains to be useful, there prove to be more harmful aspects rather than helpful aspects of these media sites. These effects are not only psychological, but they may also be physical. Not only do social networks cause depression, anxiety, and cyberbullyingRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Children s Development1067 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract As children are exposed to more and more social media with the increase of technology, it is important that parents minimize the exposure of social media to their children. There are multiple extensive ways in which social media can influence a child’s well-being and development: An influence on their social ability with others, the content of the social media, and the activities that social media replaces such as exercise. Methods that could potentially improve the risk of a child’s well-beingRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Teenagers1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Media Effect When you were a teenager, did social media impact your life? If not, it certainly has had an impact on the teenagers of America today. Social media has been around for a long time. There are many applications for social media, some of which are Twitter, MySpace, and Facebook. With the rapid evolution of social media, people believe that social media is impacting teenagers in a negative way. However, some believe that there are positive effects. The negative effects ofRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1350 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s society, social media is an important tool that many people use daily for various purposes. On social media, people share their opinions, events in their lives, and news. They also use social media as a tool for entertainment and as a way of keeping in touch with their friends. Because of its various uses, the use of social media increased very significantly over the years and it is no surprise that many scholars from different disciplines took an interest in the use of social media. These scholars

Research Essay Directors Duties - Click To Get Solution

Question: Discuss about the Research Essay for Directors Duties. Answer: Inroduction: The definition of the term director is present in section 9, Corporations Act, 2001. This definition provides that a person can be described as a director of a company if that person has been validly appointed as the director or as an alternative director. At the same time, this definition also includes a persons, who are not violate the appointed to this position but such person has been acting as a director. In this way, de facto directors are also included in this definition. In the same way, the Corporations Act provides that a person will be considered as a director even if such a person has not been duly appointed to this position if the other directors of the corporation have been accustomed to act in accordance with instructions given by such a person. In this assignment, an examination has been made of the duties that have been imposed on the directors. Along with this research, the evolution of these duties and the role played by the directors in this regard has also been c onsidered. There are resources in Australia under which, duties have been prescribed for the directors. Therefore, the common law, statute law and the constitution of a corporation provides for certain duties for the directors. The aim of introducing these duties for the directors is to support good corporate governance in Australia. According to these duties, the directors have an obligation to prefer the interests of their corporation in comparison to their own interests (Sweeney, OReilly and Coleman, 2013). In this context, certain obligations have been prescribed for the directors by the common law, like the obligation of the directors to act bona fide and in the interests of their corporation. According to the duties that have been prescribed for the directors, the directors must act in good faith. While deciding if the directors have fulfilled this duty, the courts may use the subjective test of scrupulousness. Therefore, the law will consider a director to be in breach of these obligations if the director had not properly considered the interests of corporation properly (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2011). For instance, there can be a situation where the director comes to know that the interests of his corporation resemble the directors individual interest and consequently, he had not considered the interests of the company as a distinct body. In this context, a duty has been mentioned under the common law according to which, the directors have been restrained from performing for an improper purpose. The duty has been enacted on the directors for the purpose of making sure that the powers given to the directors are not used by them for any inappropriate purpose. In this context, a purpose can be described as inappropriate for example where a personal advantage has been achieved by the director or where the director was trying to overthrow the voting power of the company's shareholders by forming a new majority. In case of such a situation, it has been provided by the common law that raising capital or making efforts to achieve an advantage from a genuine commercial prospect that is accessible to the company can be described as a proper purpose. In the same way, the law also allows the directors to promote their own interests when doing so, they are involved in promoting the interests of their company. An objective test has to be used for the purpose of determining if the powers given to the directors, have been used for proper purpose. An example can be given a situation where the company is going to borrow money and it needs to be considered if the need for borrowing the money is real or not. In the same way, if the inappropriate purpose of the directors was the main reason or one of the main reasons for taking such a decision, the court will consider the decision as unacceptable when except the improper purpose, such decision would not be taken. For deciding such cases, the law provides that when the powers given to the directors have been used for an improper purpose, such acts can be avoided by the company. Under the common law, the duty of care and diligence is also applicable for the directors. The duty requires that the directors should stay mindful regarding the monetary position of the corporation, which includes the solvency of the corporation. In this context, it has been provided by the law that it is a very important obligation and is applicable even if the responsibility to keep an eye on the financial position of the corporation has been given to another person. It is also been mentioned in this context that the directors cannot use their unawareness concerning the affairs, mainly when the unawareness is of their own making. In view of this responsibility, it becomes the obligation of the directors to ask questions related with the information that has been provided to them regarding the company. This is necessary for the purpose of making sure that the information dealing with the company is capable of revealing the correct financial position. The effect of this obligation is that the directors should not simply agree to whatever material has been provided to them. In order to discharge this duty, the directors have to make independent/informed conclusion about the matters that have been put before them in board meetings. In this way, the director has to play a role of a guide and monitor. The common law also requires that the directors are under obligation to use their own discretion (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh, 2016). This duty requires t he directors to refrain from putting themselves in such a situation where they find it difficult to make favorable decisions for their company. For example, such a situation will arise when during a commercial transaction; a director finds it difficult to take decisions on behalf of company. Consequently, in view of this obligation, the directors should not enter into the transactions where they may have to give preference to be interests of a third-party instead of the interests of their company. It is also an obligation based on the directors to avoid any conflicts of interest (Harris, Hargovan andAdams, 2015). Apart from the common law duties, the obligations levied on the directors have also been included in the Corporations Act, 2001. The reason behind the introduction of these duties is to encourage good governance and also to safeguard the business and investors. For example, section 180(1) describes the duty of the directors to exercise due care and diligence. As stated by this section, the directors of a company should use their powers and discharge their duties with the same care and diligence that can be expected from any other reasonable person if the person was a director or an officer of the corporation under comparable situations and held the same position and had similar responsibilities in the company as the director. For this purpose, it is required that independent and informed judgments are made by the directors (AWA Ltd v Daniels, 1992). Apart from it, the law also states that the directors cannot claim ignorance concerning the affairs of the company, in case the ignoranc e regarding the affairs of the companies of their own making (Statewide Tobacco Services Ltd v Morley, 1990). Simultaneously, section 181(1) of the Act has imposed the duty of good faith and proper purpose on the directors of corporations. According to this section, it has been provided that a director is under an obligation to use their powers and discharge their duties in good faith and in the best interests of the company. Similarly it is also required that these powers and should be exercised by the directors/officers for a proper purpose. It can be said that the duty of good faith is breached by the directors if it can be said that the directors have subjectively failed to give proper consideration to the interests of the company like the shareholders of the company as a collective group (Walker v Wimborne, 1976). Apart from it, an objective standard can also be applied, according to which it has to be seen if any other honest and intelligent person, acting in the same position and keeping in view the relevant circumstances would have reasonably believe that such a transaction was in fact beneficial for the corporation (Kinsela v Russell 1986). On the other hand, taking advantage of a real commercially favorable opportunity can be described as a proper purpose (Pine Vale Investments Ltd v East Ltd East Ltd., 1983) or to raise investment for the corporation (Comptroller of Stamps v Howard-Smith, 1936). But it cannot be described as a proper purpose is the directors are going to achieve an advantage for themselves (Mills v Mills, 1938) or if they are going to create new majority in order to defeat the voting power of the minority shareholders of the corporation. One more noteworthy duty has been imposed on the directors by s 182. Therefore, this section states that it is the obligation of the directors not use their position improperly. This obligation will be pleased by the directors if it is found that the directors involving conduct with an intention and the purpose of attaining an advantage or for producing a loss to the company, and in such cases, the outcome of such conduct is not relevant (R v Byrnes, 1995). Section 182 also provides that a breach of this section will take place if the director is involved in conduct for gaining an advantage or producing a loss to the corporation, irrespective of the fact if such conduct has achieved such a benefit or caused the loss. Section 191 provides for the obligation of the directors according to which in case the directors have a material personal interest regarding a transaction, it is the duty of the director to notify other directors of the company regarding the presence of such a conflict of interest. It is said that such a conflict of interest is present if the director has a material personal interest related with any method that is concerned with the companys affairs and in such a case, the director is required to give a notice to the other directors unless the notice is not required under subsection 2. Another important duty is present in section 588G of the Act. The provision states the duty of the directors to prevent insolvent trading. This section provides that it will be considered that the director has broken the obligation to prevent insolvent trading if a person is a director at the relevant time when a debt has been incurred by the company and either the company is insolvent or it may become insolvent after incurring the debt and practical grounds were present for such a person to doubt that either the corporation is insolvent or may become so and the person is aware of these grounds or any other reasonable person should be aware of these grounds under comparable conditions (Woodgate v Davis, 2002). References Harris, J. Hargovan, A. and Adams, M. 2015, Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, 2016, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition, Thomson Reuters Sweeney, OReilly Coleman, 2013, Law in Commerce, 5th Ed., LexisNexis Vermeesch,R B, Lindgren, K E, 2011, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 12th Edition AWA Ltd v Daniels (1992) 7 ACSR 759 Comptroller of Stamps v Howard-Smith (1936) 54 CLR 614 Kinsela v Russell Kinsela Pty Ltd (in liq) (1986) 4 NSWLR 722 Mills v Mills (1938) 60 CLR 150 at 185 Pine Vale Investments Ltd v East Ltd East Ltd Anor (1983) 8 ACLR 199 R v Byrnes (1995) 130 ALR 529 Statewide Tobacco Services Ltd v Morley (1990) 2 ACSR 405 Walker v Wimborne (1976) 137 CLR 1 Woodgate v Davis (2002) 55 NSWLR 222.

Sun Also Rises And Jake Barnes Essays - English-language Films

Sun Also Rises And Jake Barnes People often mentally distance themselves from their peers do to flaws and irregularities that they may suffer from. In The Sun Also Rises Jake Barnes constantly seems to be distanced and un willing to accept the people and environment that he lives in. The impotence that Jake Barnes physically suffers from leads him to suffer from mental impotence regarding the reality of his actions and the environment in which he lives. Aside from Jakes own actions, this impotence is reflected through supporting characters such as Brett and Cohn by the authors' use of the literary devices parody and irony. Jake Barnes is a veteran ex-patriot of WWI living in Paris, France. During the war Jake received a wound that led him into a life of physical impotence. While in a hospital Jake met and fell in love with Lady Brett Ashley whom he desires throughout the novel. Jake is the editor of a newspaper in France, yet his life circulates around his journey to find meaning and acceptance into society. Jake is often measuring the morals of others and trying to find an appropriate way to go about his own life. Jake and the other characters, who suffer from similar mental impotency for one reason or another, are often found to be drinking and seeking sexual relations. Through these actions Jake is attempting to numb himself to the reality that is the world he lives in yet does not understand. Jake goes to bars and drinks so that he might escape from the turmoil his meaningless life has become. Jake is often found to be making attempts to please Brett in any way possible, through this he reveals that he is attempting to gain her acceptance and affection but does not realize that many of these actions are only leading her further from him. Jake feels unaccepted because that he cannot participate in a ritualistic part of the lives that his peers exploit, sex. The use of parody in The Sun Also Rises allows for the reader to relate the characters different experiences to their impotence. I one of the first scenes Jake is found riding in an horse drawn open air taxi with a prostitute whom he has picked up to keep him company and give the appearance that he is promiscuous. Just after this incident Jake is riding in an enclosed taxi with Brett participating in an emotional struggle. The first scene is romantic and flagrant with its appealing environmental descriptions and fancy carriage whereas in the second scene the surroundings depict construction and a more dismal environment, not at all romantic. This parody is relevant because that Jake did not want to be exposed to the rest of the world when his body did not accept Brett, yet in the carriage with the prostitute he was merely attempting to appear as if he were a part of the sexual atmosphere that he lives in. Jake spends the entire novel searching for the affection of Lady Brett, yet in many instances urges her to go and be with other men. Through such irony it is revealed that Jake wants more than anything to make Brett happy. When Jakes handicap does not allow him to be with Brett he attempts to please her by finding others that can do so. By doing so Jakes emotions are only damaged to a greater extent yet he sees it as rational. Jake becomes jealous and angry after Cohn has an affair with Brett because that he believes that Cohn is the only one in his circle of friends who has not become disillusioned and daunted by society. The Sun Also Rises is the story of Jake Barnes' search for a way to go about living his life and find acceptance. Throughout the novel the reader is allowed to see what is wrong with his life and what he is doing wrong in his attempts to fix it. Jake does not grasp that he has the ability to gain Brett's acceptance without being her sexual partner.

Hitech Act. Crossword Puzzle Essays

Hitech Act. Crossword Puzzle Essays Hitech Act. Crossword Puzzle Essay Hitech Act. Crossword Puzzle Essay Across Answer key (not in order) A password should be at least 8 characters long Login to this type of portal secure Need special EHR software to ePrescribe A scanner is used to add older records A privacy-screen helps up with HIPAA server Data is stored off site here citrix The type of network we have A monitor is a visual display unit A printer produces a hard copy fired Fraud gets you this An operating-system tells the computer what to do Reboot before you call help desk A fax might become obsolete A network allows sharing between computers EHR Electronic health record HITECH Grant money that paid for this class Answer key (not in order) A password should be at least 8 characters long Login to this type of portal secure Need special EHR software to ePrescribe A scanner is used to add older records A privacy-screen helps up with HIPAA server Data is stored off site here citrix The type of network we have A monitor is a visual display unit A printer produces a hard copy fired Fraud gets you this An operating-system tells the computer what to do Reboot before you call help desk A fax might become obsolete A network allows sharing between computers EHR Electronic health record HITECH Grant money that paid for this class 3. Should be at least 8 characters long 6. Electronic health record 7. Visual display unit 8. Need special EHR___ to ePrescribe 10. Allows sharing between computers 11. Helps up with HIPAA 12. Login to this type of portal 14. A ____ is used to add older records 15. Before you call help desk Down 1. Fraud gets you this 2. Might become obsolete 4. Tells the computer what to do 5. Produces a hard copy 8. Data is stored off site here 9. The type of network we have 13. Grant money that paid for this class Created by Puzzlemaker at DiscoveryEducation. com

El boletín de visas para el mes agosto de 2019

El boletà ­n de visas para el mes agosto de 2019 El boletà ­n de visas, que actualiza cada mes el Departamento de Estado, es fundamental  para las personas que estn esperando por su tarjeta de residencia permanente en determinadas categorà ­as de solicitudes por familia o por trabajo, ya que significa que la espera ha terminado y se inicia la fase final de la tramitacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se explica para quà © tipo de peticiones de tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card,  es relevante el boletà ­n de visas y quà © hacer si por edad o por matrimonio se cambia de categorà ­a. Asimismo, se informa sobre la  diferencia entre dates for filing y   final action date, cul es el boletà ­n de visas actual y  cà ³mo  entenderlo. Finalmente, quà © esperar una vez que se inicia la fase final de la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud de la green card. Para quà © peticiones es importante el boletà ­n de visas El boletà ­n de visas es relevante para todas las categorà ­as de peticià ³n de tarjetas de residencia permanente por familia o por trabajo para las que existe un là ­mite mximo que puede ser aprobado por aà ±o fiscal. En otras palabras, esto quiere decir que  no aplica a las peticiones de ciudadanos estadounidenses para sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, cà ³nyuges o padres, ya que la ley no establece un là ­mite para esas solicitudes. Estas peticiones se tramitan sin espera y, en la actualidad, el proceso desde su inicio al fin es, aproximadamente, de doce meses. Por el contrario el boletà ­n de visa a aplica a las siguientes solicitudes de peticiones por familia: de ciudadano para hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce como F1de residente permanente para cà ³nyuge y/o hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce como F2Ade residente permanente para hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce F2Bde ciudadano para hijo casado de cualquier edad, que se conoce como F3de ciudadano para hermano, que se conoce como F4 Es posible cambiar de categorà ­a. Esto se debe a que la demora puede ser muy larga  y las circunstancias personales de la persona pedida o del solicitante  cambian. Por ejemplo, si un residente permanente solicita a un hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os y durante la espera el residente se convierte en ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n, sucederà ­a que el hijo pedido pasarà ­a de estar en la categorà ­a F2B a ser un F1. Es conveniente notificar  estos cambios al USCIS mediante una carta.   Adems, tener en cuenta que algunos cambios implican que la solicitud de los papeles no va a llegar a buen resultado. Por ejemplo, si un residente pide a un hijo soltero y à ©ste se casa durante la espera de los papeles, la peticià ³n se convierte en nula.   Finalmente, el boletà ­n de visas aplica en todas las categorà ­as de peticiones de tarjeta de residencia por trabajo. Diferencias entre Dates for filing y Final action date y por quà © es importante En el boletà ­n de visas hay dos tipos de fecha. En primer lugar, las que aplican a las personas  que pueden ajustar su estatus y que siguen lo que el gobierno llama Dates for filing. Eso quiere decir que ya pueden presentar los papeles para el ajuste cuando la  fecha de prioridad de su solicitud  es ms antigua que la fecha seà ±alada para su categorà ­a en el epà ­grafe  dates for filing. Sin embargo, tener en cuenta que la aplicacià ³n no puede ser aprobada mientras la fecha de prioridad de su solicitud no sea ms antigua que la fecha para su categorà ­a consignada bajo el epà ­grafe final action date. En otras palabras, los migrantes que estn ya en Estados Unidos deben estar atentos a esas 2 fechas, la primera, para presentar los papeles del ajuste de estatus, y la segunda para calcular cundo la tramitacià ³n final tendr lugar y asà ­ obtener su green card.   Entonces,  ¿por quà © es importante el date for filing si no se puede obtener la green card hasta que llega la fecha del final action? Pues porque si se est en Estados Unidos y se puede ajustar el estatus, en el momento en que se  presentan esos papeles se adquieren ciertos derechos, como la posibilidad de aplicar por un permiso de trabajo o de solicitar una autorizacià ³n para viajar fuera de Estados Unidos y regresar que se conoce como advance parole. Por el contrario, los emigrantes fuera de Estados Unidos que siguen lo que se conoce como un procedimiento consular sà ³lo deben estar atentos al final action date. Cuando llega esa fecha para su categorà ­a  es el Centro Nacional de Visas quien inicia la tramitacià ³n de los à ºltimos pasos de la peticià ³n de la green card. Boletà ­n de visas agosto  2019. Fechas de corte final action Categorà ­a F1, hijos/as de ciudadano solteros y mayores de 21 aà ±os Mà ©xico: 1 de agosto de 1996Resto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de julio de 2012 Categorà ­a F2A, cà ³nyuges de residentes y sus hijos solteros menores de 21 Mà ©xico: corrienteResto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: corriente Categorà ­a F2B, hijos de residente solteros mayores de 21 Mà ©xico: 1 de junio de 1998Resto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de enero de 2014 Categorà ­a F3, hijos casados de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 1 de diciembre de 1995Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 22 de junio de 2007 Categorà ­a F4, hermanos de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 1 de enero de 1997Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de octubre de 2006 Categorà ­a por trabajo Primera, Tercera y Otros Todos los paà ­ses: 1 de julio de 2016 Categorà ­as por trabajo Segunda Todos los paà ­ses: 1 de enero de 2017 Categorà ­as por trabajo Cuarta y Trabajadores Religiosos Mà ©xico: 1 de julio de 2016El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras: 1 de julio de 2016Resto de los paà ­ses de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: fecha corriente Boletà ­n de visas agosto 2019 Fechas de corte dates for filing Categorà ­a F1, hijos solteros de ciudadano mayores de 21 aà ±os Mà ©xico: 1 de noviembre de 1999Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de marzo de 2013 Categorà ­a F2A, cà ³nyuges de residentes e hijos solteros menores de 21 Mà ©xico: 1 de junio de 2019Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de junio de 2019 Categorà ­a F2B, hijos solteros de residentes mayores de 21 Mà ©xico: 1 de febrero de 1999Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de septiembre de 2014 Categorà ­a F3, hijos casados de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 15 de julio de 2000Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 22 de diciembre de 2007 Categorà ­a F4, hermanos de ciudadanos Mà ©xico: 15 de diciembre de 1998Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 15 de diciembre de 2006 Categorà ­a por trabajo Primera Todos los paà ­ses hispanohablantes: 1 de septiembre de 2018 Categorà ­a por trabajo Segunda, Tercera y Otros Todos los paà ­ses hispanohablantes: fecha corriente Categorà ­a por trabajo Cuarta y Trabajadores religiosos Mà ©xico: fecha corrienteEl Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras: 1 de septiembre de 2016Otros paà ­ses hispanohablantes: fecha corriente Cà ³mo entender el boletà ­n de visas Lo primero es tener a mano la fecha de prioridad que es el dà ­a en el que se presentà ³ la solicitud. A continuacià ³n, determinar  si la peticià ³n es de familia o por trabajo y si aplica el final date (persona para la que se piden los papeles est fuera de EE.UU) o, por el contrario, el dates for filing (persona para la que se piden los papeles est en EE.UU. y puede ajustar su estatus). El paso siguiente es determinar la categorà ­a de la persona pedida. En el caso de familia, como se explicà ³ anteriormente, se puede ser F1, F2A, F2B, F3 o F4. En el caso de peticiones de trabajo se puede ser categorà ­as 1, 2, 3, 4, Otros o Religiosos.   Una vez que se conocen todos los datos, corresponde buscar el el bloque de informacià ³n que aplica. Por ejemplo, si el hijo casado de un ciudadano es la persona pedida y est en Estados Unidos y puede pedir un ajuste de estatus, le interesa el dates for filing por familia. Luego tendrà ­a que mirar su categorà ­a. En el caso del ejemplo, un hijo casado de ciudadano es un F3 y a continuacià ³n verificar la columna segà ºn su paà ­s de nacimiento, si es de Mà ©xico es una, y si es de otro paà ­s, la otra. Finalmente, mirar su fecha de prioridad y compararla con la fecha del boletà ­n de visa. En el boletà ­n de visas de mayo de 2018 para un F3 de Mà ©xico que puede ajustar su estatus, la fecha de corte es 8 de septiembre de 2006. Si su fecha de prioridad fuera ms antigua, eso significarà ­a que podrà ­a presentar los papeles para el ajuste de estatus. Otro ejemplo distinto serà ­a el de un hermano de ciudadano que est esperando fuera de Estados Unidos y es de Colombia. En este caso se tratarà ­a de  un final action por familia. Adems, como es un hermano de ciudadano serà ­a un F4 y, como no es de Mà ©xico, tendrà ­a que fijarse en la columna de Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a. La fecha de corte para esa categorà ­a para mayo de 2018 es 8 de enero de 1998. Si tuviera una fecha de prioridad ms antigua, eso querrà ­a decir que en unas semanas el Centro Nacional de Visas le contactar para pedirle papeles para iniciar ya la tramitacià ³n final hacia la green card. Quà © pasa cuando llega la fecha de corte del boletà ­n de visas Cuando la fecha de prioridad de una persona es ms antigua que la fecha de corte de su categorà ­a que aparece en el boletà ­n de visas se inicia el proceso final para la sacar green card. A partir de ese momento puede estimarse que las gestiones restantes se demorarn, aproximadamente, medio aà ±o. En los trmites a hacer destacan la presentacià ³n de las planillas y documentos de affidavit of support, es decir, sostenimiento econà ³mico por parte de patrocinador. Es de interà ©s conocer cà ³mo  afectan las deudas o el mal crà ©dito en las peticiones de green card. Tambià ©n es el momento de realizar el examen mà ©dico y de presentarse para la gestià ³n de los datos biomà ©tricos, incluidos sacar una fotografà ­a y permitir la toma de las huellas dactilares. Causas por las que la peticià ³n de la green card no es aprobada La mayorà ­a de las peticiones de green card son aprobadas, sin embargo, la peticià ³n puede ser negada despuà ©s de todos los aà ±os de espera.  Estas son 42 causas de rechazo de la solicitud de residencia permanente. En el caso de que se diera la negacià ³n, es importante entender la causa para saber si es una negativa definitiva o, por el contrario, es posible encontrar una solucià ³n legal. Adems, es fundamental entender que no importa que el USCIS hubiera  aprobado inicialmente la peticià ³n comunicndolo en el NOA2. Eso no significa que la green card estuviera ya  aprobada sino que, simplemente, se dio  la condicià ³n para poder pedirla, es decir, la relacià ³n entre el patrocinador y patrocinado. Dà ³nde encontrar informacià ³n   Durante la tramitacià ³n de la green card es posible  obtener informacià ³n sobre su  gestià ³n, pedir ayuda o denunciar un fraude en  telà ©fonos que brindan informacià ³n  migratoria. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso migratorio.

The Formation of a Valid Business Contract Essay - 6

The Formation of a Valid Business Contract - Essay Example The essential element of the contract is an offer. It is an important ingredient because it defines the relationship and key issues in the contract. In order for the offer to stand as a legal entity, communication is a vital factor. The parties must communicate and accept the offer in the best terms available. Effective communication is essential in order to facilitate the receiving party with knowledge of whether to agree or reject the offer (Stevens 2004). In the case a person signs a contract without reading the terms of the contract, he is liable to the effects of miscommunication. A valid offer must be supported by certainty and validity on precise terms. The terms are considered definite in a situation where a reasonable person understands the terms. The clarity of the terms is reviewed basing the review on four pillars which are parties to the contract, duration of time for performance, value and subject matter/scope of services (Stevens 2004). A contract is considered enforceable when if the parties to the contract engage in an exchange of valuable price. Consideration is a consideration when there is mutuality. That is to mean that the parties to the contract must have valuable prices in exchange. The price is not only restricted to money but any other valuable consideration (Stevens 2004). There are many types of contracts, and all the types have an impact on the parties. There are those contracts that create an impact on the basis of creation. For example, express contracts. Words spoken or written make the contract. Another example is implied contracts where the contract is dependent on the conduct of a person or rather the circumstances under a particular case (Stevens 2004).  

Ethic code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethic code - Essay Example One particular aspect of the code concentrates upon the rights of individual employees to report possible abuses of power and perhaps unethical actions without fear of reprisal. This protection of whistle-blowers. An interesting aspect of the code is that it does not only provide general principles and goals, but also actual examples of what acceptable and unacceptable behavior might be. Thus dealing with the issues of privacy of information, "The identity of customers and potential customers and their personal, business and financial information" (savings, 2006), and for insider information,: This is a very useful method of communicating an ethics code. Employees need to have both general principles of ethical standards and actual examples. If employees do not know whether an act is or is not ethical then tension may occur, and employees may become too worried about what they are doing rather than their job performance. Everyone must avoid any action or situation that conflicts with the interests of the Company or its customers, or which gives the appearance of a conflict. The appearance of a conflict can at times be as damaging as an actual conflict, and can diminish the valuable relationships we have developed with others. The idea that a company and its employees must appear to be e... The appearance of a conflict can at times be as damaging as an actual conflict, and can diminish the valuable relationships we have developed with others. (savings, 2006) The idea that a company and its employees must appear to be ethical as well as actually acting ethically may seem self-evident, but as recent corporate scandals have shown it must be constantly repeated. The Code of Ethics is excellent, but there is some room for improvement. Specific kinds of ethics related to different positions and jobs within the hierarchy might have been included. Thus the Code might have stated ethics that apply to corporate leaders and also to entry level employees. Are they the same kind of ethics or different ___________________________________________ Works

Foraging and Nutritional Ecology of Primates in SE Asia Essay Example for Free

Foraging and Nutritional Ecology of Primates in SE Asia Essay There are foods of various kinds that fit the foraging and nutritional needs of primates in SE Asia, these primates in question use the foods to extract carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fats and minerals. We look at the impact of the environment on these primates for there foraging and nutritional needs. We also observe systematics, their distribution, their genetics, their anatomy, their physiology, their ecology and conservation. Some of these primates, to observe and study are wood antelope and fossarial leaf rat. Availability of the plant species and their evolutionary history comes in and also cell theory is also looked at, fossil history is also looked at to some extent, and the whole work becomes interesting (Balee, 1998, 25) The foraging needs as well as the nutritional needs of primates are much varied due to the special needs of that particular primate. In most cases they need food to provide them with energy for growth, reproduction, movement and even at rest (the basal metabolic rate). Once the food is ingested it travels inside the body of the organism or in this case the primate and once assimilated into the blood stream it passes through a process called respiration and the energy needed for the body is obtained, Normally, when the primates are still as infants, energy is really needed for their growth and development and as they mature their energy requirement tend to increase and thus the need for more food (Balee, 1998, p. 68) As for the wood antelope and the fossarial leaf rat they normally have a special kind of bacteria in their guts, which helps to digest cellulose. This is because all the types of food the rely on have cellulose as one of the components and since other components are digestible, cellulose is not digestible and so the work of this special kind of bacteria comes in. The wood antelope feeds on the grasses, shrubs and bushes, which contain cellulose, and the fossarial leaf rat feeds mostly, if not exclusively on leaves of certain trees, bushes and shrubs and so they also contain cellulose. So this particular bacteria plays a very important role in the lives of these primates (Govbson, et el, 1998, p. 100) The extraction of carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, proteins and minerals normally occur through some other body metabolisms, which also play a very important role in the growth and energy requirements of these primates. The extracts are also used in the bone formation, in this case proteins are used for this purpose and the minerals and vitamins are used for important functions in the bodies of the organisms (Leyh, 2007,p. 150) In any ecological systems there is competition among organisms for space mates and food. All these things that they compete for depend in one or another with the energy available. For instance, if an organism is to get an adequate space for himself, the organism has to fight for it and unless he is strong enough, it cannot be easy for him to get it. It is more of the survival for the fittest and death for the unfit. Only the fittest is this case can survive. When it comes to competition for mates this one also depends with the idea of having enough energy for mating with as many mates as possible for the male, and having enough energy of bearing the pregnancy and being able to deliver in the case of the female. It is also another case of survival for the fittest Another thing that these primates, especially of the same species must have enough and adequate food for them, those who are capable of getting food survive, while those who do not get die. This is also another good example of survival for the fittest and death for the unfit. Charles Darwin first put this forward in his theory of evolution of species (Kenzey, 1997,p. 15) Migration of the primates in question is one important area to look at. For an organism to migrate like in this case the wood antelope must ensure that they have eaten enough food because of the long distance, which may be required to be covered. Migration normally occurs due to climatic changes, which may lead to scarcity of food, mates and poor or harsh environmental condition as such the organism is forced to migrate and look for a more favorable place to start life a fresh. (Balee, 1998,p. 250) In this case, migration does not make it possible for the primates to start eating different foods, what happens is that they go at a place with similar foods and nutritional needs which suits them. If this idea of starting to eat different foods could be true then it would have been brought through evolution. The primates in question would have evolved a natural mechanism of adapting to different forages and nutritional needs; and it is the only known ways for the different mechanism to have been possible. This idea of evolution is very important in many ways, the first and most important case is this of the availability of the plant species, which provide food for the primates. Another is the cell theory, which gives room for the availability of certain organelles necessary for the type of environmental or ecological situations in which these primates in question find themselves (Caro, 1998,p. 341) These primates have therefore adapted certain special ways through which they use to survive in their environments. One important thing is that they have sight. This importance of sight comes handy to see their food or forages. And also being able to spot their enemies. The adaptation is evolutionary connected; and the nutritive values of the forages of these primates go together with evolution. The influence of forages availability on the primates in question, on their sociality and reproduction is another crucial factor to consider. The fact that these forages are available within the environment of these primates shows that, they are influenced a great deal on their sociality and reproduction. In the first place the population of rats tend to be higher than that of antelopes, because of some factors, which we can consider, for one the rats are smaller in size and thus can occupy a smaller space with just a very large population of them. And secondly their evolutionary mechanism suits them to be many in number than the antelopes. These antelopes consume more food and therefore are naturally fewer in number. Therefore food is a limiting factor in the population of these primates in question (Campbell, 1995,p. 120) Therefore in studying the population of these primates in question the factor of availability of forages is very important in deed. It determines the reproductive tendencies and also their presence in a given environment. Their daily habits are also affected. Their natural anatomy and physiology evolve according to available forages. This factor should always be put into consideration when dealing with systematics of these primates, if one is to be on the safe side (Caro, 1998,p. 350) Apart from the availability of forages for the nutritional needs of these primates one must also consider a depth the evolutionary tendencies. These primates have body structures suitably adapted for their functions. For instance, they have legs, which help them to run, from their enemies or rather predators, and also these legs help them to reach their foods in good time. (Caro, 1998,p. 50) The nature of their energy requirements is such that they function up to the time when they are required to rest, this is where the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) comes in. The bodies of these primates function such that they must relax or have a rest. This is usually at right. It is common at night. As rest remains necessary and so is the regulation of the available food. The leaves are given time and room to grow and mature again. When the food becomes abundant, these primates tend to increase their population, which leads to a very high competition for food, and so there are those who die in the process especially when food becomes scarce (Campbell, 1995,p120) The food available to these primates is also connected to their evolutionary tendencies. One will find that always there will be certain kind of trees shrubs or bushes where certain primates are found. In this case, some species of trees, which tend to produce leaves in plenty, will found where certain primates are found. This is important because it contributes to the importance of the food chain. As such certain animals will also be found there in plenty especially in this case, those animals which feed on wood antelopes like the lions, cheetahs and leopards will always be found in these environments. The case is the same with those who feed on fossarial leaf rats. (Gouldey, 2007, 200) As such the foraging and nutritional ecology of primate in South East Asia recently important and complex as it looks. The fossils found in some places always have evolutionary connections with some primates . The fossarial leaf rats have some bearing of connectivity with the domesticated rats and some animals of lower form. As for the wood antelopes they show some similarities with some animals of both lower form and higher form. The analyzed cases are very important as they contribute a lot of information to those who study the fossils; and the whole field of study becomes interesting. This clearly shows that the evolutionary connection of fossils and the organisms in question is true and reliable. The primates then must have evolved in a special way, where they have teeth for chewing their food or forages; their elementary canals are also highly specialized in performing their functions. Mammologists should come up with better methods of studying the organisms in question, since there is a lot to show and inform those who are interested. In the case of the organelles of the cells, when the energy requirement is high the cell tend to have a lot of mitochondria, which help in the respiration process. But all this is not important if the food is not available. Therefore the special way through which these primates have evolved with time to be where they are and eat what they eat shows a very interesting field of study(Caro, 1998,p. 400) As we consider more about these organisms, more information on theories should be properly compared and observed in the practicals so that the scientists or rather the mammologists should always compare with accurate and reliable information. The mammologists have always shown that the foraging and nutritional ecology of primates is an important field of study. As it provides us with some vital information concerning human beings, since human beings are also primates. Therefore the whole of these primates in question when properly studied, we tend to get some useful tips about us human beings (Balee, 1998,p. 650_. The nutritional needs of these primates may be varied with that of human beings, but they all belong in the same Kingdom and Phylum, as they have a lot of similarities than differences. These similarities are due to evolution. All the same, they play a very important role in the foraging habits of these primates, which are exclusively found in South East Asia. In this case it is important to note that energy and food are both important; one cannot be there without the other, in other words food is energy, and energy is food. The food chain of the primates in question in South East Asia goes on and these primates become healthy and thrive. Their habits are maintained and the value of food remains crucial. Finally, the foraging and nutritional ecology of primates in South East Asia is notably very interesting; therefore a lot of money should be invested in the continuous research in this spectacular part of the world. . Bibliography Balee, W (1998), Advance in Historical Ecology; Columbia University Press. New York Campbell, B (1995); Human Ecology; The Story of our place in Nature form Pre history to the present.Adline de Gruyter New York. Caro, T, (1998); Behavioral Ecology and conservation Biology; Oxford University Press; New York. Gouldey, M Mahar, I (2007) Floods of fortune; Ecology and Economy along the Amazon Columbia University. New York. Govbson, S, et el (1998); Ecology; Oxford University Press. New York Kinzey, G. W (1997); New World Primates Ecology, Education and Behavior. Aldine de Gryter. New York. Leyh Jr, G (2007); Tropical Forest Ecology. A view from Basso Colorado Island. Oxford University Press. New York.

Harriet Martineau Essay -- Essays Papers

Harriet Martineau Although we think of sexism as a situation that has been dealt with, we still have much to learn. A key turning point in discrimination against women was the courageous actions of Harriet Martineau. Harriet was born in 1802, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Martineau. She grew up in a home without any encouragement for her education. Instead she was trained, as all other women in her life, to be a homemaker. However this did not stop her efforts to pursue her dream. Even though she risked exile from her family, friends, and society at whole, Harriet continued her studies of women’s lesser role in the social aspects of life. Harriet described her childhood as a â€Å"burdensome experience† (Household Education, 1849). Her mother held a strong sense of tyranny in their home due to her upbringing, believing in a more traditional way of child rearing. Men went to college and women stayed at home, her mother believed. Harriet felt she was trapped in this matriarchal way of life, until her father Thomas died sometime during the 1820’s. For her this was a chance to escape from her mother and an unfulfilling life. Because of the financial difficulties in their family now, she could finally be free from that middle class prison and was able to move out on her own. Now with the burden of her family difficulties lifted from her shoulders she was able to learn more about herself and follow her dream of being a writer. â€Å"I have determined that my chief subordinate object in life shall henceforth be the cultivation of my intellectual powers, with a view to the instruction of others by my writings (http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/martineau.html),† she said. With an aspiring attitude she started writing. Initially, her writings were more religious in nature because of her belief in Unitarianism. Later however, she adapted Necessarianism, which allowed her to use a more social scientific viewpoint. This lead to even greater success in her writing. Her first work was published anonymously in 1823 in the Unitarian Journal called Monthly Repository. This had a huge impact among readers and was a profound start to her career. Later when her brother James Martineau found out that she was the author he said, â€Å"now dear, leave it to the other women to make skirts and darn stockings, and you devote yoursel... ...lete invalid worsening her health even more. By 1870s she had to slow down her activity in her studies of sociology. And finally in 1876 Harriet died of bronchitis. Twenty years before that she had already written her obituary. People said it was in her usual fashion to be so prepared. She saw the human race, as she believed, advancing under the law of progress; she enjoyed her share of the experience, and had no ambition for a larger endowment, or reluctance or anxiety about leaving the enjoyment of such as she had (Pichanick, 239). Works Cited Hill, Michael R. Women In Sociology "Harriet Martineau" p. 289-297 Chapman, Maria Westman ed. Harriet Martineau's Autobiography Boston, James Osgood, 1877. Pichanick, Valerie K. Harriet Martineau, The Woman and Her Work, 1802-76: University of Michigan Press, 1980. Kellor, Frances. â€Å"Harriet Martineau.† Women’s Intellectual Contributions to the Study Of Mind and Society. http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/martineau.html http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/martineau.html Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc.15th edition. Chicago/ Auckland/Geneva/London/Madrid/Manila/Paris/Rome/Seoul/Sydney/Tokyo/Tor-onto, 1974-89.

Bobcats

The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a North American mammal of the cat family Felidae, appearing during the Irvingtonian stage of around 1. 8 million years ago (AEO). [3] With 12 recognized subspecies, it ranges from southern Canada to northern Mexico, including most of the continental United States. The bobcat is an adaptable predator that inhabits wooded areas, as well as semidesert, urban edge, forest edges, and swampland environments. It persists in much of its original range, and populations are healthy. With a gray to brown coat, whiskered face, and black-tufted ears, the bobcat resembles the other species of the mid-sized Lynx genus.It is smaller on average than the Canada lynx, with which it shares parts of its range, but is about twice as large as the domestic cat. It has distinctive black bars on its forelegs and a black-tipped, stubby tail, from which it derives its name. Though the bobcat prefers rabbits and hares, it will hunt anything from insects, chickens, and small rodents to deer. Prey selection depends on location and habitat, season, and abundance. Like most cats, the bobcat is territorial and largely solitary, although with some overlap in home ranges.It uses several methods to mark its territorial boundaries, including claw marks and deposits of urine or feces. The bobcat breeds from winter into spring and has a gestation period of about two months. Although bobcats have been hunted extensively by humans, both for sport and fur, their population has proven resilient. The elusive predator features in Native American mythology and the folklore of European settlers. The bobcat resembles other species of the Lynx genus, but is on average the smallest of the four. Its coat is variable, though generally tan to grayish-brown, with black streaks on the body and dark bars on the forelegs and tail.Its spotted patterning acts as camouflage. The ears are black-tipped and pointed, with short, black tufts. There is generally an off-white color on the lips, chin, and underparts. Bobcats in the desert regions of the southwest have the lightest-colored coats, while those in the northern, forested regions are darkest. Kittens are born well-furred and already have their spots. [10] A few melanistic bobcats have been sighted and captured in Florida. They appear black, but may still exhibit a spot pattern. [11] The face appears wide due to ruffs of extended hair beneath the ears.Bobcat eyes are yellow with black pupils. The nose of the bobcat is pinkish-red, and it has a base color of gray or yellowish- or brownish-red on its face, sides, and back. [12] The pupils are round, black circles and will widen during nocturnal activity to maximize light reception. [13] The cat has sharp hearing and vision, and a good sense of smell. It is an excellent climber, and will swim when it needs to, but will normally avoid water. [14] The adult bobcat is 47. 5 to 125 cm (18. 7 to 49 in) long from the head to the base of the tail, averaging 82. 7 cm (32. 6 in); the stubby tail adds 9 to 20 cm (3. to 7. 9 in) [12] and its â€Å"bobbed† appearance gives the species its name. [15][16][17][18] An adult stands about 30 to 60 cm (12 to 24 in) at the shoulders. [10][19] Adult males can range in weight from 6. 4 to 18. 3 kg (14 to 40 lb), with an average of 9. 6 kg (21 lb); females at 4 to 15. 3 kg (8. 8 to 34 lb), with an average of 6. 8 kg (15 lb). [20][21] The largest bobcat accurately measured on record weighed 22. 2 kg (49 lb), although unverified reports have them reaching 27 kg (60 lb). [22] Furthermore, a June 20, 2012 report of a New Hampshire roadkill specimen listed the animal's weight at 27 kg (60 lb). 23]The largest-bodied bobcats are from eastern Canada and northern New England of the subspecies (L. r. gigas), while the smallest are from the southeastern subspecies (L. r. floridanus), particularly those in the southern Appalachians. [24] The bobcat is muscular, and its hind legs are longer than its front legs, giving it a bobb ing gait. At birth, it weighs 0. 6 to 0. 75 lb (270 to 340 g) and is about 10 in (25 cm) in length. By its first birthday, it will reach about 10 lb (4. 5 kg). [14] The cat is larger in its northern range and in open habitats. 25] A morphological size comparison study in the eastern United States found a divergence in the location of the largest male and female specimens, suggesting differing selection constraints for the sexes. The bobcat is crepuscular. It keeps on the move from three hours before sunset until about midnight, and then again from before dawn until three hours after sunrise. Each night it will move from 2 to 7 mi (3. 2 to 11 km) along its habitual route. [14] This behavior may vary seasonally, as bobcats become more diurnal during fall and winter in response to the activity of their prey, which are more active during the day in colder months.

Accounting Intern Paper

Company introduction KC ACCOUNTANCY CORP is a Southern California CPA firm, found in 2000. The company offers a full range of business and consumer CPA services including financial statements preparation, IRS. FTB. EDD representation, tax return preparation, office computerization, new business start-up, general bookkeeping and tax preparation & planning. Job description During the intern period, I did four main tasks as follow 1. Bookkeeping The company uses the accounting software called Write up and Quick Book to do the book keeping.In order to do the book keeping we need to create a ledger for all the financial accounts and use the check and invoice provided by the customer to record all payments made from these accounts. We should filled the all the column of cells, which include date, name of the payment, payee, category (for tax purposes), memorandum and a record of the check number or the invoice number. The reason for write the category is for tax purposes. After record the payment, we need to use the same software to record the cash inflow. We list all money (only revenue) received by the customer.As same as the cash outflow, we need to record the date, name of the income, payer-providers, category, memorandum and a record of the check number. If the company has the Loan or the investment, we should use the different ledgers to record it. Next step, we need to create accounts payable/accounts receivable. For the account payable we list utilities, rent, and other future payments. We list two date: one is the due day another one is the due day before penalty. For the account receivable, we list the income we will receive in the future.This ledger is most important, I need to aware that when the company actually receives the payment by the customers or the bounced check will happened. The final step is to reconcile the ledgers with the bank statements. The company will provide us their bank account records and allow us to check each payment. This is typi cally done on a quarterly schedule 2. Prepared, examined, and analyzed accounting records, financial statements, and other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.Financial statements include income statement, statement of retained earnings, balance sheet and cash flow statement. From the supervisor’s experience, I learned that there is specific logical order for preparation due to some financial statements use numbers from the other statements The order is following: * Income statement * Statement of retained earnings * Balance sheet * Cash flow statement Before financial statements are prepared, we need to adjust entries based on revenue recognition and the matching principles. Each transaction may affect one income statement accounts and one balance sheet account.Adjustments fall into one of five categories: accrued revenues, accrued expenses, unearned revenues, prepaid expenses, and depreciation. Income Sta tement The income statement reports revenues, expenses, and the resulting net income. It transfers from revenue, expenses and capital gains or losses ledger account balances into the income statement. Statement of Retained Earnings The Statement of Retained Earnings is prepared after the income statement because we use the net profit or loss account balance from income statement.The retained earnings statement shows the retained earnings at the beginning and end of the accounting period. It is prepared using the following information: * Beginning retained earnings from previous statement of retained earnings. * Net income, obtained from the income statement Balance Sheet The balance sheet reports the assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity of the company. It is constructed using the following information: * Balances of all asset accounts * Balances of all liability accounts * owner's equity Cash Flow StatementTo do this cash-basis report, we subtract cash disbursements from cash receipts directly. It also takes information from all three previous financial statements. Two time periods of comparative balance sheets are examined in order to prepare a statement of cash flows. 3. Maintained Quarterly payroll records. At first I am very curious why the company would like to outsource the payroll process . The manager tell me small business owner usually spend around eight hours per month doing payroll because laws and the IRS have let the payroll function become a time consuming task.Outsourcing the payroll can let the company focus more on running company also avoid the risks of calculating mistake . Most important, federal, state and local payroll tax laws are frequently changing and becoming more complex The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service of the United States federal government. The agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury, and is under the immediate direction of the commissioner of Internal Revenue. The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and the interpretation and enforcement of the Internal Revenue Code.I need to call each company on the list to make sure how much salary they pay for each employee. Company may pay their employee quarterly, monthly or hourly. Most of our customer is Chinese/Taiwanese owned company. I can use Chinese to call them . I need to clarify how many employees in their company and how much salary they need to pay. By using 1099-etc, we just need to type in the data in the system. The software will automatically calculate federal, state and local payroll taxes. The software supports Federal payroll forms such as the 941, 940, 943, 944 and 1040 SchH. Form 941 Form 941 is Employer’s QUARTERLY Federal Tax Return. Federal law requires employers to withhold taxes from employees' paychecks. Each time wages are paid, employers must withhold — or take out of employees' paychecks — certain amounts for federal income tax, social security tax, and Medicare tax. U nder the withholding system, taxes withheld from employees are credited to employees in payment of their tax liabilities. Federal law also requires employers to pay any liability for the employer's portion of social security and Medicare taxes.This portion of social security and Medicare taxes is not withheld from employees. Employers who withhold income taxes from wages or who must pay social security or Medicare tax, use Form 941 to report those taxes. The deadline for 941form is the last day for month that follows the end of the quarter. * Quarter One (January, February, March): due on April 30. * Quarter Two (April, May, June): due on July 31. * Quarter Three (July, August, and September): due October 31. * Quarter Four (October, November, December) : due on January 31 of the following year.Every time, I update the information on the system, I need to print out two copy. One is for our company, the other one is for our customer . 4. Miscellaneous As a intern, I also spend some t ime to doing miscellaneous thing such as put files in order alphabetically, print out the package label and paste on the envelope , double check the document and send to the customer. Analysis of the company The company starts the business from 2000, the boss try hard to build a very good relationship with the customers.They are successfully to build the relationaship because the employer in the company always put them self in the customer’s shoes, the existing customer will bring the new customer. So the company does not need to post the advertisement online or ask other to design a fancy website to attract new customer. Thus they can provide perfect and complete service with reasonable price. Due to the good relationship with customer, the accounting office is also become an information exchange place. We can always see the customer to ask the boss to refer a dental, a lawyer and the business to others.It is how a good networking start. However, during the intern period, I find there are things the company could do better. First, the boss plays an extremely important role in the company. She needs to check every document before mail to the customer or mail to the government institute and she assigns new task for everyone every morning. The company would be in a mass when the boss is not in the office. I still can remember, one time the boss has emergency and she cannot come to the office for two days.All document put on her table like a small mountain, and others has nothing to do. Second, a lot of things without a logical order, there is a simple example. When I start with filing away the documents, I cannot find some individual’s name within the file. After I check with the boss, the boss tells me, someone they will put all family numbers’ file together instead individual file. The problem is that only the boss knows who the family numbers are. It is hard for the account specialist to file the document; however the boss is too busy to do this kind of things.Third, the company still use some out of date process. Every quarter, the customer needs to turn in their check record and the invoice physically to the accounting office. Most of the records are hand write. In fact I think the accounting office can ask electric version from the customer, then it can complete the process more efficiently, because sometime I see accounting assistant struggle with the numbers or the word on the check or the invoice and with electric version, it can be send to accounting firm in time.I think the company know better what their business is, so it is not a big deal for them to change the physically version to electric version. Also I know most software will automatically download the bank records and allow the account assistant to quickly mark which payments and deposits are already recorded in the ledger, and which must be separately accounted. This is typically done on a monthly schedule, but with software and online banking, it i s can be finish on a weekly or even daily schedule. What I learn during this internshipI am a student who still thinking about my future career. This is a good opportunity for me to know accounting person and know more about how the accounting firm work. I learn some information from my coworker and the supervisor. 1. Future is Bright The future of accounting is bright according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics which projects a 16% increase in job openings by the year 2016. Much of this reflects the increasing complexity of corporate transactions, the introduction of Sarbanes-Oxley requirements after the Enron scandal and growth in government.Demand is especially high in the tax and health care areas. My supervisor share her own experience with me, Emily, who is a 27 year old woman, who finish her MBA in California state – Los Angeles, she tells me all the international student stay here after graduate are doing accounting related job. It seems it is the only way internation al student can survive in U. S if they study in business field. 2. Managerial Accounting Ideas is popular Many firms are focusing on activity-based management, process-view analysis, constraint checking and business process analysis as well.The world of management accounting is evolving rapidly and there is high demand for accountants who are knowledgeable about these trends 3. High degree necessary We can find the requirement for most accountant and auditor positions are at least a bachelor degree in accounting or a related field. As an MBA student especially a master degree in accounting, or with a master degree in business administration with a concentration in accounting. We have advantage to apply accounting-related job. 4. Skill Requirements Becoming BroaderThere is high demand for individuals who have technical skills and good communication skill, and foreign language skills. Accountants are broadening as business globalizes. 5. CPA has highly valued A recent survey shows tha t over half of corporations which hire accountants feel that the CPA (Certified Public Accountant) important, however, in some case we can enter an accounting firm without completely the CPA. It means we still have chance and time to prepare for the test, never too late to prepare . My supervisor is a good example, she started to prepare her CPA after she start work in the KC Company. 6. High salaryThe median expected salary for a typical  Accountant I  in the  United States  is  $44,652; for a typical Accountant II is $53,588; for a typical Cost Accountant I is $46,874;for a typical Cost Accountant II is $58,020. ; for a typical Cost Accountant III is $70,574; for a typical Cost Accounting Supervisor is $65,861; for a typical Cost Accounting Supervisor II is $75,452. ; for a typical Accounting Manager is $84,437;for a typical Accounting Director is $127,660. 7. Start from a intern The supervisor suggests me start to apply the position in the company I want to begin my car eer and ask the intern position before I graduate.Thus, I will get more hired opportunity as a full time employee. Do be hesitant, start to apply! Conclusion My Internship is one of the most beneficial things I do during my MBA. I really enjoy the time in K. C. Company. During this internship I learned a lot about the profession and about how much hard work and dedication it takes to be a accountant. I know I am a person who sensitive with numbers but not detail-oriented. In order to become a successful accountant, I need to change the way I doing things. To be a more competitive person, I need to review all the account material I have learn during those year.Even though some people say it is not a good way to learn from the textbook, however I believe reading the textbook is the best way to review all the important concept in the limited time. The lecture and the text book can provide us solid background knowledge. I will try to apply the accountant position now, after I understand the future of accounting-related job and the personality to be a good accounting worker. I will start my career in accounting files after I graduate. Reference IRS website : http://www. irs. gov/uac 941 form http://www. irs. gov/pub/irs-pdf/i941. pdf

Economic Ideas of the Enlightenment essays

Economic Ideas of the Enlightenment essays The Enlightenment is the name given to the intellectual movement that was centered in the Western World, mainly Europe, during the 18th century. The rise of modern science greatly influenced the enlightenment. It was also the aftermath of the long religious conflict that followed the Reformation. The thinkers of the Enlightenment were dedicated to secular views based on reason of human understanding, which they hoped would provide a basis for beneficial changes affecting every area of life and thought. There were many people during the Enlightenment that made an impact on the world. Many people had different opinions about what was happening and how to fix the problems facing the world at that time. One man started this change with his Encyclopedia. This man was Diderot; it was called the great work of his life. This book was a major weapon against the old French society. His book made a great impact on the people because it was so cheap that everyone could obtain a copy. With the printing of this book a new group emerged from the populace. This group, named the Physiocrats, has been viewed as the founders of the modern discipline of economics. A well-known member of this party is known for his thoughts on the old economic ideas. His name was Adam Smith and he had many economic ideas of the enlightenment. Adam Smith wrote the book Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. This book had three basic principles of economics. The first principle was the condemning of mercantilist use of protective tariffs to protect home industries. "A tailor does not try to make his own shoes, nor does a shoemaker try to make his own clothes." (Western Civilization pg. 493) With this line of reasoning Adam Smith was saying that a country should not try to make their own products when another country can supply them for cheaper than the one country can make it. A nation should make what it can for the least amount of mon...

Learning From Poetry

Learning From Poetry Learning From Poetry Learning From Poetry By Erin No matter what kind of writing you do, reading poetry can be a great way to improve your writing skills. The principles of poetry can be applied to nearly every kind of writing you do. Lets take a look at what we can learn from poetry. 1. Poetry teaches word economy. In a poem, not a single word is wasted. Poets strive for finding the most effective words to convey each thought, emotion or idea. 2. Poetry uses powerful imagery. Poems are the epitome of show, dont tell. In a poem, you dont have a lot of time or space to spend narrating or telling the reader whats happening. Poets create strong visuals for their readers, truly giving the reader a glimpse of their subjects. 3. Poetry is inspiring. Love it or hate it, poetry elicits powerful emotions. A well-crafted line of poetry can stick with us for a long time. Sometimes, a poem or even just a memorable line, can make us want to write about that. The emotional response we have to the poem can often lead to an outlet for our own ideas. Resources There are a number of sites that offer daily poetry either delivered to your inbox or by RSS feed. The Writers Almanac from Garrison Keillor offers daily poems as well as historical information. Poetry Daily is another daily poem site. If you prefer, you can get get a haiku a day from Daily Haiku or tinywords. You can also check out any number of poetry anthologies. One of my favorites is Risking Everything, edited by Roger Housden. If you really hate poetry, try reading some Dr. Seuss or Shel Silverstein! You can also look to song lyrics, which have been a great source of inspiration for me. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:60 Synonyms for â€Å"Walk†"Confused With" and "Confused About"Passed vs Past

The U.K Defence Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The U.K Defence Industry - Essay Example Defence exports of the nation are worth almost  £5 billion on an average every year (The Telegraph, 2014). In the recent years however the share of government spending upon defence equipments have fell from 10% to 5%. The nation has had 21% share in the defence export market on a global scale from the year 2005 to 2010 (The Telegraph, 2014).The presence of a well developed export market has facilitated the creation of 65,000 jobs in the nation (Brauer and Dunne, 2004). The defence industry of the U.K successfully contributes  £12 billion value addition to the nation’s economy (The Telegraph, 2014). The major challenges faced by the industry are to work in alliance with the government, to assist reformation of the procurement processes, to encourage authorities to spend more on research and reform and to further develop the export capabilities. The Ministry Of Defence of the U.K is seen to follow an open competition policy (Neuman, 2006). The figure below shows some of the largest firms of the U.K in the defence industry in terms of revenue. Companies such as Rolls-Royce, Smiths Group Plc and BAE Systems rely on exports for their growth. Many such U.K based defence companies are looking towards selling their products in the emerging markets of the world which provide a greater opportunity for earning profits than the developed nations. The current paper analyses the general business and completion of three important defence firms of the U.K, namely Rolls-Royce, Smiths Group Plc and BAE Systems (Global Security, 2014). Rolls-Royce is the 16th largest contractor of defence equipments in the world (Neuman, 2006). The company is one of the pioneers in providing defence goods and services and caters to fulfilling the defence equipments and parts needs of many nations of the world.

Health Finance 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Finance 2 - Assignment Example 14). The revenue in such practices and clinics is usually received after the service is delivered and after a treatment session is over. Patients may opt for a single session or sitting or they may decide to take a full course of the treatment that can extend for a few weeks. First time visitors must pay a consultation fee and subsequent visits are charged an hourly fee or a per session fee. Different types of revenue types available for healthcare in general are Discounted Fee-for-Service, Fee-for-Service, Managed Care, Medicaid Program, Medicare Program and Payer Mix. Chiropractors are not eligible for any of the managed care system and so the revenue group followed is fee for service. This choice of service cannot be avoided since the Chiropractor is recognised as an alternative medicine. In some cases, when a patient agrees to take a course of treatment, the doctor may agree to receive payment after the sittings are over. Some patients can then refuse to pay saying that they have not been cured. Since this treatment does not base the treatment on the results of blood and other medical tests, it is difficult for the Chiropractor to prove the efficacy of the treatment. In addition, since the treatment is not paid by insurer, liability of receiving payment is with the Chiropractor. This reduces overcharging and instances of false assurances by the doctors and a customer with legitimate grievances can protect himself. Therefore, this fee for service is better than other revenue formats (Andrew, p.

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Globalization - Essay Example First, a firm may choose FDI rather than exporting when it wants to regulate cost uncertainty, as well as demand uncertainty. Through FDI, the international firm will meet the shifting local demand more quickly than when the firm uses exporting; this will improve the profits of the firm. Therefore, the firm may decide to internationalize business activities through FDI rather than exporting when the cost uncertainty is lower than the demand uncertainty. Moreover, firms that engage in the production of products that may be less similar may choose foreign direct investment as an entry strategy in foreign markets than the use of exporting. Another circumstance that may prompt a firm to use foreign direct investment rather than the other methods like exporting includes government policies. These may entail policies that discourage exports as a way of conducting international business. For example, nontariff as well as tariff barriers may discourage firms from choosing to export as an entry mode in international business. High taxes that may be levied on the exports may compromise the profits of the business enterprise. As a result, firms may choose to make direct investments in the foreign markets with an aim of maintaining productivity and profits. Tariffs may act as barriers to international trade, especially when firms depend on exports as a mode of entry in international markets. Another circumstance that may make a firm make a direct investment in a foreign country through FDI includes marketing concerns. This may entail the distribution, logistics, image of the firm, and responsiveness to the customers' needs. Firms that require quick and immediate feedback from the customers tend to choose FDI as the mode of entry in international markets (Markusen 2004, p. 287). Through FDI, the firm takes advantage of its presence in a foreign market to engage in widespread marketing of the products, which it produces. Thus, Foreign Direct Investment could be more favorable than exporting, licensing, and franchising in a situation where the firm wants to engage in enormous marketing of its products (Moran 2002, p. 100). Firms may also decide to internationalize their business activities through foreign direct investment where logistical considerations play an essential role in the activities of the firm. An example includes the costs attributed to internationalization th rough exporting (William 2004, p. 246). While firms decide to internationalize through exporting, some costs such as packaging, warehousing, distribution, and transporting costs will be incurred. Thus, in circumstances where firms want to avoid these costs, it will be more

How Software Utilities Can Improve Computer Science Essay

How Software Utilities Can Improve Computer Science Essay All software utilities have been designed and made to improve the performance of computer systems. These software utilities can be an advantage to Sam because he does not know much about computers and is new to this electrical machine. Some functions and features that software utilities perform can be done manually but only by experienced and professional. Most new users cannot carry out such operations, which will improve the performance of his computer system manually. A computer system can maintain upmost computer performance through utilities and are suggested how they maintain computer performance below. Security (Anti-virus, Anti-Spyware and Firewall): There are two main areas to security within a personal computer that need to be maintained through the use of a software utility. One is firewall, a software utility which prevents unknown people and viruses from entering your computer. A firewall acts like a wall and a boundary between the computer and the internet. It only allows such connections that have a trusted certificate with them. If a person is not protected from such threats, other people can manipulate his computer or delete everything from his computer. The other security utility that is needed with in the computer is standard software that works in the background and checks for any viruses within the computer. These types of viruses enter a persons computer from a cd, usb or any other external sources which dont have access through the internet. You can get a utility software that functions both of these features. This is more convenient, takes less hard drive space, uses less CPU/RAM usage and also costs less. Anti-spyware software and utilities are needed on every computer especially if one is to use his computer for business work and contains valuable data on his operating system. Sam has the intention of buying a computer for his business work hence he wouldnt want anyone to take his data. Anti-spyware is a software that is designed and created for the sole purpose to detect and prevent spyware program installations. And if it finds one that is already installed on your pc then it will remove it instantly. Spyware can affect the performance of the computer system because it takes up hard drive space and also runs in the background of the computer (hence uses CPU and RAM memory). Sam can use a software utility such as SUPER AntiSpyWare. This will help Sam keep his information safe and secure. Malicious computer hackers, data-destroying viruses, and email spam are the main but few different possible threats to your personal security and your operating system. Without protection, hackers can gain control of any information stored on your computer and also disturb computer performance. It could go to the extent that the hacker can wipe out your operating system. By not being protected you can also encounter viruses; these sorts of programs are designed to damage, disable, or do other unwanted actions to your computer. To prevent these undesirable actions you can use a software utility such as Norton 360 or Kaspersky Internet Security Special Ferrari Edition. This software utility is made to protect against Viruses, Malware and also to stop threats from entering your computer. Been protected ensures that your computer performance should run smoothly. Sam needs his computer to be protected because he is going to be using his computer for business. He will have valuable data on their as customer details are should not be lost or stolen. Defragmentation: Defragmentation is process done to a hard drive in order to recover some lost disk space and also to improve the computers performance. Defragging is a vital process which needs to take place on your hard drive. If a hard drive is not defragmented, then over time the drive will slowly reduce the available capacity on the drive and begin to create performance issues. When you defrag your hard drive you re-arrange the order in which the data is stored on the drive to ensure that the good files and folders are set first so that the computer doesnt spend time searching for them. The PC will arrange the data so that data that belongs together and needs to be read together is actually put in the same place on the drive. You can defrag your computer using the software utility called defraggler. This software will guarantee your hard drives clean-up and tidying hence improve your operating systems performance. Sam needs to defragment his computer because if he doesnt then his computer will c lutter and form a load of useless files. This will then cause performance issues. Clean up Cookies and Internet History: Clean-Up is basically a utility that clears out all temporary files that dont need to be kept within the computer. This includes clearing all temporary files, emptying the Recycle Bin, removing all unwanted user data from sources such as the Internet cache, history and cookies. This can help the performance of a computer because it takes out and removes all of the waste permanently. A utility which carries out these actions is CCleaner. This makes sure that there is no clutter left in your operating system. Sam will have to use this system utility on a regular basis to keep his computer running at a good speed. Back up: Back-Up is a small saved copy of an operating system. This copy is made for emergency cases, where a persons computer has a vital breakdown and the only option available for the computer to properly function again is that you use the back up to restore your computer. You can use a utility software/tool such as CCleaner to create a backup for your operating system. Back-ups can be saved on the primary internal hard disk but if anything is to go wrong with the hard disk then you can lose all of the files including the back-ups made. This is why it is better to make back-ups on external devices such as USBs, CDs, Floppy Disks and external hard drives. Sam is going to be using his computer for business and needs to back up his work. Business data is valuable and cannot be lost. Screensaver: Screen Savers that are downloaded from random websites are normally the ones which affect the computers performance. There are also the flashy and very complex types of screensavers that affect computer performance. This is because the screensaver takes up some of the CPU (Central processing unit) usage and leaves less for the computer to run on then it would without the screensaver. One way of removing this is by getting to this address within the computer (Control PanelAppearance and PersonalizationPersonalization) then clicking on screensaver and applying one of the built in screensavers because these are less complex and also use up less CPU usage. It would be better to completely remove the screen saver and use the hibernating feature within the computer but to suite your needs I would only recommend the built in computer screensavers. If you dont like the screensavers provided than you should download some from the Microsoft website. Sam doesnt really need a screensaver; this i s because there isnt much benefit to a screensaver. If Sam wishes to use one then I advise his to use simple one for example the system default ones. Compression: Compression is when you reduce the size of files by changing its coding to a more efficient coding. This is done to make up more space on the hard drive. Compression doesnt remove and free a massive amount of space but every bit of space counts. Hence a computer with loads of files, when compressed can make a big difference and free a lot of space. Sam can save space on his hard drive by compressing his files. Driver updates: Updating your drivers is very important; whether it may be software updates or hardware updates. Normally when you buy a printer, the printer comes with a software driver CD. This familiarises people with the fact that software need to be updated but they are not normally familiar with updates for hardware devices, such as Intel devices, graphics cards and chipsets. These need to be updated to improve computer performance. New drivers are made by the company of the product and fix bugs, improve the security of the devices and give better performance. To find out which hardware and software drivers need updating, you could use a utility such as Driver scanner 2013 from Uniblue. This tool will scan all your operating system to tell you what drivers need updating. Having all your drivers updated your operating system should run at optimum speed. Sam needs to update his drivers because this helps to fix bugs and other performance issues. Operating system diagnostics: Operating system diagnostics is when you come up across a problem and then your computer gives you the option diagnose problem. The computer will then search for the solution to the problem. Once it finishes diagnosing then it will either give you the solution to the problem or it will tell you that it cant find the solution. For example when you internet is not connected and you open up your browser then it will give you some advice for why your internet is coming on and it will also give you the diagnose problem message. This will be of good use to Sam because he is new to computers and will not have enough knowledge on solving his computer problems. Conclusion: Over time, a computer may accumulate a lot of unnecessary data and a lot of errors. This can easily wear the performance of the computer down and can affect the operating system of the PC. Because of this you should use a computer utility program/or programs that would be able to provide the necessary help that you need in order to help maintain a smooth operating system. The best PC utilities manage and cover a wide range of problems. This is more beneficial, saves money and also hard drive space. Some recommendations for Sam, to stop his computer from accumulating performance issues. Security: (Anti-Virus, Anti-Spyware and Firewall) -Run daily checks on your computer to viruses. -Keep your firewall on all the time. -Try to get a utility that contains all of these softwares in one. (Panda Antivirus Pro 2013) System Maintenance: Defragmentation- Defrag your computer every six months. Clean-Up- Run a clean-up on your computer every two weeks. Back-Up- back up your computer every two to three days. Screen Saver- runs a very basic screensaver but you will be better without one. Compression-compress your files whenever you find a folder full of clutter. Cookies and Internet History- should be done as part of a clean-up check but you need to clear you cookies and internet history every two weeks. Diagnostics: Driver Updates- drivers need to be updated every time a new update is released. Operating System Diagnostics- is just a problem finder and solution raiser. Use whenever in need of this service. These recommendations should stop your computer from accumulating performance issues.